托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇二节【新航道原创】

相关内容推荐：

动物类英语词汇（一）
动物类英语词汇（二）
动物类英语词汇（三）
动物类英语词汇（四）
动物类英语词汇（五）
动物类英语词汇同义词替换练习

1托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇二节

hunt  

释义•n.狩猎v.狩猎；搜寻

例句。Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting.(TPO 4-1)

派生•hunting n. 打猎；追逐；搜索

bacteria 

释义•n.[微]细菌

Attack by scavengers and bacteria ,chemical decay ,and destruction by erosion and other geologic agencies make the odds against preservation very high.(TPO 20-3)

派生。bacterial adj.微］细菌的

bacterium n.微］细菌（pl.)

signal  

释义•n.信号v.用信号通知；表示adj.显著的

例句•Many signals that animals male seem to impose on the sigenalers costs that are overly damaging.(TPO 11-3)

prey  

释义•v.捕食n.被捕食的动物

例句•he ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits ,and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.(TPO 34-3)

barrier  

释义•n.屏障；障碍物

例句•Most amphibian skin is fully water permeable and is therefore not a barrier against evaporation or solar radiation.(TPO 40-3)

beg  

释义•v.乞讨；恳求；请求

例句•A classic example is noisy begging by nestling songbirds when a parent returns to the nest with food.(TPO 11-3)

whale  

释义•n.鲸

例句•It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales ,porpoises ,and dolphins-are mammals.(TP02-1)

moa 

释义•n.恐鸟

例句•The most striking of these animals must have been moa.(TPO39-2)

raccoon  

释义•n.浣熊

例句•Although raccoons are native only to the Western Hemisphere. they have been successfully transplanted to other parts of the globe.(TPO 38-2)

cattle 18'kætl

释义•

n.牛；家畜

例句•As a result, cattle and humans came into close association.（TPO 28-2)

the Cretaceous 

释义•白垩纪

例句•that saw the demise of the dinosaurs ,is the Cretaceous-The best known of the five major extinction events, the one Tertiary extinction.(TPO 33-3)

moth  

释义•n.飞蛾

例句•Originally moths were uniformly pale gray or whitish in color;

dark-colored( melanic )individuals were rare and made up less than 2 percent of the population. (TPO 36-3)

shell  

释义•n.壳；贝壳v.剥落

例句•Some of these coats are hard-like the shell of a nut-for extra protection. (TPO 9-3)

invade 

释义•V.入侵；涌入

例句•An abandoned field ,for instance ,will be invaded successively by herbaceous plants(plants with little or no woody tissue), shrubs ,and trees ,eventually becoming a forest.(TPO 19-2)

派生•invasion n. 入侵；侵略；侵袭；侵犯

trap  

释义•n.捕捉器；罗网；陷阱v.诱捕

例句•The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish.(TPO 22-1)

communicate 

释义•v.交流；通讯

例句•The ritualized visual display communicates in close quarters when a female has approached.(TPO 17-2)

派生•communication n.通信；交流；信函

coral  

释义。n.珊瑚；珊瑚虫 adj.珊瑚的

例句•In most localities a given species of clam or coral persists essentially unchanged throughout a thick formation of rock, only to be replaced suddenly by a new and different species.

（TPO 30-2)

amphibian  

释义•n.(脊椎）两栖动物

例句While amphibians are poor thermoregulators ,they do exercise control over their body temperature to a limited degree.(TPO 40-3)

Cambrian  

释义•adj.寒武纪的

例句•The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period.（TPO 5-3)

hare  

释义•n.野兔

例句•The preferred foods of snowshoe hares are willow and birch twigs.(TPO 27-3)

Inhabitant 

释义•n.居民；居住者

例句。It supplies the nest's inhabitants with fresh oxygen as it rises

through the fungus-growing area back up to the attic.(TPO47-2)

mature  

释义•v.成熟；到期adj.成熟的

例句•Once a redwood forest matures ,for example ,the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced.(TPO 3-3)

派生 maturation n.成熟；成年过程

Fauna

释义•n.动物群；［动］动物区系

例句. It was  actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.(TPO 6-2)

派生•faunal adj.动物区系的

habit  

释义•n.习惯；嗜好

例句.Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.(TPO 13-1)

inhabit  

释义•V.栖息；居住于

例句•Less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the rain forest tend to rely on other forms of signaling other than the visual, particularly over long distances. (TPO 17-2)

termite  

释义•n.昆］白蚁

例句。Insects such as ants and termites also can be exceedingly numerous under favorable climatic and soil conditions.(TPO36-1)

2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。