SAT语法详细知识点：语义规则（练习+解析）
语义规则
简洁：
我们在这一节前面很多内容都是关于纯语法的内容，但是SAT的语法考试是在一篇文章里挖掘一些考点进行测试的，因此不免还会遇到一些考查单词意思的题目。
一些常用的近义词要搞清楚，尤其是在意思上细微的差距。
例题1
As fun as it is to have company, my best hunts have been solitude trips.
A. NO CHANGE
B. solitarily
C. solitaire
D. solo
解析1
B是副词不可以用来修饰名词
AC确实是表示单独的，但是不好
D中solo trip用来表示搭配单程
因此D
例题2
Forten’s knowledge of ships, gained from his experiences as a sailor during the war, paid off. He rose to the position of foreman, and in 1798. Forten bought the sailmaker’s business.
A. NO CHANGE
B. had arose
C. had rose
D. raised
解析2
BC时态错误，整个句子都是一般过去时态，句子中没有任何语言标志的词可以表达完成时态。
AD在意思上差距还是很大的，只是拼写类似。
因此A
除了动词之外，我们还应该关注的是动词相关的变化，如过去式和过去分词。此外我们还需要关注一些形容词和副词的辨析。
本节练习
Uncovered at Johnson’s Shut-Ins
In Reynolds County, Missouri, a one-billion-gallon blast of [1]water caused by a breach of the Taum Saunk reservoir roared down Proffit Mountain into the east fork of the Black River on December 14, 2005. [2]They ripped a channel through Johnson’s Shut-Ins, one of Missouri’s most popular state parks. Though flood damage marred the [3]parks beauty for a time, the scar the raging water left in its wake [4]specifically revealed over a billion years’ worth of Earth’s geologic history.
The area known today as Johnson’s Shut-Ins State Park [5]had began to develop 1.5 billion years [6]ago. When the volcanoes that created the St. Francois Mountains exploded. Slow-moving magma [7]cooled down its temperature and crystallized to [8]form silica-rich rhyolite rock. Over time sedimentary rock such as limestone and shale, formed from material deposited by shallow inland seas, buried the rhyolite. After the seas had receded, gravel-rich rivers and streams eventually chipped away the soft sedimentary rock in some areas, exposing the erosion-resistant rhyolite rock and creating pockets and pits. In low places, the Black River was confined ([9]or ”shut in”) by the [10]rhyolite and creating the natural waterslides and canyon-like gorges that have become a summer playground for thousands of visitors.
Although the flood left the shut-ins unscathed, the surge of water that tore through the park in 2005 stripped away all trees, soil, and sedimentary rock [11]in its path. Left behind is a channel that is composed of granite –and previously unexposed rhyolite rock- and [12]contain rocks from at least three other geological eras. The menacing floodwaters also revealed a half-billion-year-old beach made of both sand and gravel.
Five years of work has restored most of the park surrounding the shut-ins. [13]Some have returned [14]back. Geologists from around the world visit to get a close look at the ancient volcanic rock along what has been named the “Scour Channel”. The “Scour Channel” now rivals the park’s other geologic curiosities for most frequently visited site.
SAT语法详细知识点：语义规则（练习+解析）
1. A. NO CHANGE
B. water caused by,
C. water caused, by
D. water, caused by
2. A. NO CHANGE
B. That they
C. With
D. It
3. A. NO CHANGE
B. park’s beauty for a time,
C. parks’ beauty for a time,
D. park’s beauty for a time
4. A. NO CHANGE
B. ultimately
C. instead
D. thus
5. A. NO CHANGE
B. begun developing
C. began to develop
D. begun to develop
6. A. NO CHANGE
B. ago; when
C. ago when
D. ago
7. A. NO CHANGE
B. cooled down to a lower temperature
C. lowered its temperature to cool
D. cooled
8. A. NO CHANGE
B. form silica-rich, rhyolite,
C. form silica-rich rhyolite,
D. form, silica-rich rhyolite
9. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the underlined portion be kept or deleted?
A. Kept, because it describes how people feel when they visit the park.
B. Kept, because it suggests the inspiration for the park’s name.
C. Deleted, because it makes an informal observation that is not consistent with the essay’s tone.
D. Deleted, because it interrupts the sentence’s description of the Black River.
10. A. NO CHANGE
B. rhyolite; creating
C. rhyolite, creating
D. rhyolite, created
11. A. NO CHANGE
B. on their
C. in their
D. on its
12. A. NO CHANGE
B. have contained
C. are containing
D. contains
13. A. NO CHANGE
B. Those who are nuts about the outdoors
C. Swimmer, hiker, and campers
D. All types of outdoorsy people
14. A. NO CHANGE
B. by coming back to the park.
C. to revisit the park.
D. Delete the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.
答案
1. 考查句子结构
B、C、D中caused by a breach of the Taum Sauk reservoir是修饰主语的，要么两端都加上逗号成为插入语要不就不能加标点。因此A
2. 考查指代
F、G前文的莪术是a blast of water是单数名词，不能用复数的代词指代，H选项只能在从句中指代。因此J
3. 考查所有格
D选项主句和从句之间没有标点隔开，A没有所有格两个名词连续使用，C选项前面已经说了是one of parks因此复数所有格错误。因此B
4. 考查句子意思
F选项表示特别地，不符合句意;G选项可以;H选项instead的意思是通过though表达出来的;J选项是递进关系。因此G
5. 考查时态
A没有表示过去完成时态的标志、B、D都是过去分词而不是过去式。因此C
6. 考查句子结构
F后句不，G后句不完整J，修饰时间状语的句子缺乏一个连接的词。因此H
7. 考查句子简洁
A、B、C都说下降温度，cool包含了这个意思。因此D
8. 考查标点
J动词和宾语之间的标点影响句子连续性，G、H形容词修饰名词不需要逗号间隔。因此F
9. 考查句子意思
这个shut in起到一个辅助说明的作用，应该得到表明C、D。A、B都没有错A确实和人们的感受B确实和名字相关B与文章联系更加紧密。因此B
10. 考查句子结构
F中creating不能做谓语动词G分号重置句子后面补完整H现在分词修饰J过去分词修饰，主动被动关系不对。因此H
11. 考查指代
B、C指代的内容应该是park是单数名词，D介词错误。因此A
12. 考查句子结构
破折号里面是插入语可以不用看，contain的主语是channel，因此F、G、H主谓不一致，错误。因此J
13. 考查指代
A指代不明确B中those指代不明确D回来的是人而不是types因此C
14. 考查句子简洁
F和return意思重复G同F错误Hreturn有revisit的意思。因此J
2016年SAT真题下载 汇总：
