英语自学方法论！托福阅读长难句，快速简化有技巧！

相信有不少有留学意向的同学会趁着这大好时光来学习雅思或者托福，从今天开始，我们将带来一系列暑假雅思/托福学习干货，希望帮助小伙伴们顺利屠鸭/斩托!

刚开始接触托福阅读的你，看到文章里面那一大片阴影是不是瑟瑟发抖?拿到简化句子题是不是经常被长难句绕得云里雾里，两眼一黑，不知道从哪里入手?

别急，莫慌，今天新航道易艳老师就以TPO21 Passage2 Question5为例告诉你怎么抽丝剥茧，手把手地教你解决这个老大难，让你拨云见日，看到答案的曙光。

TPO21 Passage2 Question5：

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

the highlighted sentence:

The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.

A. The resources needed by the growing hunting and gathering population increased rapidly once temperatures rose.

B. Dramatic temperature increases and the simultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need for more resources.

C. Higher temperatures led to the existence of increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population to grow.

D. The dramatic temperature increase occurred during the few years when abundant resources allowed the hunting and gathering population to grow.

第1步：剥逻辑

拿到原句和四个选项，我们先要把逻辑剥一遍，看看在逻辑关系上四个选项是否和阴影里的原句一致。在简化句子题里常见的逻辑关系有两种：因果逻辑和转折逻辑。

这两种逻辑关系，想必你都不陌生，但是需要注意的是因果逻辑关系词除了because和so这两个老朋友之外，你还需要尽快熟悉due to, owing to, lead to, thereby, therefore, thus, allowing for等新朋友，

转折逻辑关系词除了but和however，你还需要把while, whereas, despite, though, nevertheless等谨记于心。

现在我们一起来看看阴影里的原句用的是什么逻辑关系词?出现的是哪种逻辑?

The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.

原句里用的逻辑关系词是allowing for和due to，表示因果逻辑。

我们再看四个选项：

四个选项里跟原句逻辑关系一致，有因果逻辑关系词的是B选项和C选项。B选项用的因果逻辑关系词是led to, C选项用的因果逻辑关系词是led to和thus。

第二步：剥结构、语义

经过了上一步剥逻辑以后，我们确定优先要比对的选项是B和C，接下去我们就要把原句和选项的结构、语义剥出来进行比对，确定正确答案。

The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources. (温度在短时间内急剧增长，使得人口由于资源的丰富得到了增长。)

原因：温度的增长和资源的丰富

结果：人口的增长。

B. Dramatic temperature increases and the simultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need for more resources. (急剧的温度增长以及同时的人口数量增长导致了对更多资源的需求。)

原因：温度增长和人口数量增长

结果：更多资源的需求

C. Higher temperatures led to the existence of increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population to grow. (更高的温度导致了增长的资源，从而导致了人口数量的增长。)

原因：更高的温度，增长的资源

结果：人口数量的增长

通过上面我们对原句和选项在结构、语义上的比对发现，B选项出现了因果倒置的情况，C选项和原文一致是正确答案。

这就是托福阅读简化句子题抽丝剥茧的过程，你学会了吗?来试试把下面这个题目的答案剥出来吧。

TPO3 Passage2 Question3

原句：Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.

A. Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water addition very small.

B. Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.

C. Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.

D. Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.